As the future of climate change looms large, the search for efficient, renewable energy sources is becoming more and more important.
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| Organic Photosynthetic Solar Cells Over Silicon Solar Cells |
Solar energy is seen as an important component of our clean energy future. With a little inspiration from nature, solar energy can become a more promising prospect than ever before.
Photosynthesis is the solar energy harvesting process in which plants take in sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and convert them into energy (in the form of sugar) and oxygen. The traditional view of photosynthesis is that long-wavelength light (far-red and infrared light, with wavelengths longer than 700 nanometers) consists of low-energy photons. We used to think that light of this long wavelength was not "strong" enough to produce oxygen. In other words, we thought that photosynthesis could only happen with light that we humans could see.
But the discovery of a new type of chlorophyll -- called Chl f -- changed the way we think about photosynthesis. This new green molecule has the greatest capacity of any chlorophyll to absorb red-shifted light—that is, light of longer wavelengths than the human eye can detect. This discovery of chlorophyll f challenges the conventional understanding of the physical limits of photosynthesis.
Obviously, the overall chemical equation for plant photosynthesis is given by the following equation:
6CO2+6H2O+hV--->C6H12O6+6CO2
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In this double substitution reaction, complex compounds are synthesized from smaller compounds. In this particular equation, hv represents the amount of energy from a photon, when the process known as electron transfer begins after photosynthesis is complete. One way to increase the electron transfer of chlorophyll is to replace the magnesium (Mg) atom with another metal such as copper (Cu) or iron (Fe). Although the introduction of excessive heavy metals may damage sensitive plant tissues, the results must be effective.
Biophotosynthetic solar cells (PSCs) are designed to convert light into electricity in four steps similar to the natural process. Maximum absorption of first light; which forms the excited state of electrons as the second stage. Then, the excitation propagates to the region where charge separation occurs and eventually leads to charge transfer.
The distinguishing characteristics of a photovoltaic device are described as-
I=Io{exp[e/nkT(U-IRs)-1]+[(U-IRs)/Rsh]-Iph
This equation can be interpreted in the following terms: Io is the dark current, e is the electron charge, n is the diode ideality factor, U is the applied voltage, Rs is considered as the series resistance, and Iph is the photoelectric current. PSCs can be synthesized by layering in the following order—chlorophyll, a catalyst, argoose, and graphene.
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The one-square-inch prototype contains photosensitive molecules, including the photosynthetic powerhouse chlorophyll, embedded in a water-based gel sandwiched between copper and plastic electrodes. Unlike traditional ones, which contain many toxic elements such as cadmium, biologically derived materials can be safely released into the environment after use. The room's flexibility makes it an ideal choice for covering irregular surfaces, plus large pieces can be rolled or folded for easy transport.
It was estimated that the efficiency of a single solar cell produced by this method is less than 1% of that achieved by silicon cells. Although sensor data was unavailable, the current could be detected using an ohm meter. Although this number is small, it confirms the hypothesis that living chlorophyll can be extracted and used to convert light energy into electrical energy.
However, changes in cell configuration, better layering techniques, extraction of chlorophyll from multiple sources, and different methods of extraction can be used to enhance the performance of photosynthetic solar cells using chlorophyll. So solar panels and cells have significantly changed the technologies that provide electricity in the last decade, organic cells are sure to grow with the search for better lifestyle changes in a few years.
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FAQ
Why organic photovoltaics are important compared to traditional silicon devices?
OPVs, as a kind of novel solar-to-electric energy conversion device, are attracting more and more attention from scientists and researchers in the field of renewable energy due to their low cost, easy fabrication, and flexible process compared to conventional inorganic materials. Silicon Solar Cells (ISSCs).
Why are perovskite solar cells better than silicon solar cells?
A perovskite-on-silicon tandem cell has a theoretical efficiency limit of 43% versus 29% for a silicon cell. The ability to capture certain parts of the solar spectrum, especially the high-energy blue end, and convert it into electricity. Widely available, low-cost source materials. Simple manufacturing process.
Why are organic solar cells less efficient?
Because carbon-based materials have a stronger attraction between electrons and holes than silicon, organic solar cells are more prone to recombination, which affects their performance.
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